Under CC 32(1), under what circumstances can force be justified?

Force can be justified under CC 32(1) primarily in situations of immediate threat to safety or in response to unlawful aggression. In the context of the choices provided, using force during a riot may be justified if the circumstances warrant it to prevent greater harm or to maintain order. Riots often involve individuals acting violently, and the use of force in such scenarios can be seen as a necessary response to protect oneself or others from imminent danger.

In contrast, justification for using force in cases of theft, personal defense, or during natural disasters operates under different legal principles and circumstances. While personal defense can also justify the use of force, it is specifically aimed at immediate threats to life or bodily harm rather than collective disturbances like a riot. Similarly, natural disasters may require protective measures, but the justification for force is typically not centered around the concept of preserving law and order as seen during a riot. Therefore, under CC 32(1), the context of a riot aligns closely with the rationale for justifying force.