What role does the Constitution play in U.S. law?

The Constitution serves as the foundational legal framework for the government of the United States. It lays out the structure of government, delineates the powers and responsibilities of various branches, and establishes the essential rights of citizens. This framework is crucial in ensuring that the government operates within specific bounds and that individual liberties are protected from arbitrary or excessive government action.

The Constitution also sets forth the principles of federalism, which balances power between the national and state governments. While states do have significant powers, their autonomy is limited by the Constitution, especially regarding concurrent powers and rights guaranteed across all states.

The other options do not accurately represent the role of the Constitution. For instance, while the Constitution may reflect ethical principles, it is primarily a legal document rather than a guideline for ethical behavior. Additionally, the amendment process is not unlimited; there are specific procedures and limitations in place that govern how amendments can be made. Finally, the Constitution does not grant states full autonomy; rather, it establishes a system of governance in which state laws must comply with federal law, as established by the Supremacy Clause.